From the Guidelines
Stalking is not considered a mental illness in itself, but rather a behavior that can be associated with various underlying mental health conditions. When examining the relationship between stalking and mental health, it's essential to consider the complexities of this behavior and its impact on both the perpetrator and the victim. According to a study by Logan and Cole [(@7@)], stalking is a significant risk factor for different forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) and negative mental health outcomes. This highlights the need to address stalking as a serious issue that can have profound effects on mental wellbeing.
Key points to consider include:
- Stalking can be associated with mental health conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, delusional disorders, personality disorders, or attachment disorders [(@7@)].
- Treatment approaches for individuals who engage in stalking behavior typically involve addressing any underlying mental health conditions with appropriate therapy and sometimes medication [(@7@)].
- Legal interventions are often necessary alongside mental health treatment to protect victims and establish clear boundaries [(@7@)].
- Understanding stalking as a complex behavior with potential psychological underpinnings rather than as a mental illness itself helps guide appropriate interventions that address both the behavior and any underlying mental health concerns [(@7@)].
It's also important to note that the impact of stalking on victims' mental health should not be underestimated. Studies have shown that stalking can lead to significant distress, including symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [(@7@), (@23@)]. Therefore, a comprehensive approach that includes both mental health treatment and legal protection is crucial in addressing stalking behaviors and supporting victims.
From the Research
Stalking as a Mental Illness
- Stalking can be an expression of mental disorder in rare cases, such as psychotic stalking, which can occur as a symptom of schizophrenia or erotomania 3.
- The majority of stalkers do not suffer from a disorder in need of treatment, and therefore their criminal responsibility is not diminished 3.
- In some cases, the differentiation between mentally sane and mentally disturbed stalkers is difficult 3.
Psychiatric Disorders and Stalking
- Certain psychiatric disorders, such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), antisocial personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder, are associated with an increased risk of stalking victimization 4.
- Childhood maltreatment, neglect, and psychiatric disorders can also predict an increased risk of stalking victimization 4.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Stalking
- OCD is a neuropsychiatric disorder that can be associated with significant impairment and a lifetime prevalence of 1% to 3% 5, 6.
- While OCD is not directly linked to stalking, it can be characterized by obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors, which may be relevant to understanding certain aspects of stalking behavior 5, 6.
- Treatment options for OCD, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), may also be relevant to addressing underlying mental health issues that contribute to stalking behavior 5, 6, 7.