What is the classification of stalking in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)?

From the Research

Stalking is not classified as a distinct mental disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), but is often associated with personality disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and other mental health conditions 1. When evaluating someone who engages in stalking behavior, clinicians should conduct a comprehensive assessment to identify any underlying mental health conditions that might be driving the behavior.

Key Considerations

• Stalking behaviors may be driven by various factors, including mental illness, revenge, rejection sensitivity, or a desire for control.
• A comprehensive assessment is necessary to identify underlying mental health conditions, such as personality disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or delusional disorder.
• Treatment approaches depend on the specific diagnosis and may include:
  • Cognitive-behavioral therapy
  • Medication management, such as:
    • SSRIs for obsessive thoughts 2, 3, 4, 5
    • Antipsychotics for delusional thinking
    • Mood stabilizers for impulsivity
  • Legal interventions when necessary

Risk Assessment and Intervention

• Risk assessment is crucial when working with individuals who stalk others, as these behaviors can escalate to violence in some cases.
• Both the stalker and the victim require appropriate intervention, with victims needing safety planning and support services.
• The Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) may be a useful framework for studying stalking perpetration and identifying key personality predictors 1.