Differential Diagnosis for a 9-year-old with Low-grade Fever, Sore Throat, and Cough
- Single most likely diagnosis:
- Viral pharyngitis (e.g., adenovirus, rhinovirus, coronavirus): This is the most common cause of sore throat and cough in children, often presenting with low-grade fever.
- Other Likely diagnoses:
- Streptococcal pharyngitis: Although less common than viral causes, streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat) is a significant consideration due to its potential for complications if not treated.
- Influenza: Especially during flu season, influenza can present with these symptoms and is more likely to cause a fever.
- Allergic rhinitis: Can cause cough and sore throat due to postnasal drip, though fever is less common.
- Do Not Miss diagnoses:
- Epiglottitis: A rare but life-threatening condition that can cause severe sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and high fever. It requires immediate medical attention.
- Retropharyngeal abscess: A serious infection in the tissues at the back of the throat, which can cause severe throat pain, difficulty swallowing, and fever.
- Pertussis (whooping cough): Especially if the cough is severe or has a characteristic whoop, this bacterial infection can be dangerous, especially in younger children or those not fully vaccinated.
- Rare diagnoses:
- Mononucleosis (mono): Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, it can present with sore throat, fever, and fatigue, though it's more common in adolescents.
- Lemierre's syndrome: A rare condition following a throat infection, characterized by fever, sore throat, and neck pain due to a jugular vein thrombosis.
- Tuberculosis (TB): Although rare in many areas, TB can cause chronic cough, fever, and sore throat, especially in children who have been exposed to someone with active TB.