Differential Diagnosis for Pulmonary Hypertension and Chronic Cough
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (IPAH): This condition is characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure without a clear cause, often presenting with symptoms such as chronic cough and shortness of breath. The chronic cough in IPAH can be due to various factors, including pulmonary vascular changes and potential heart failure.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH): This condition occurs when blood clots block the pulmonary arteries, leading to increased pressure. Patients may experience chronic cough, among other symptoms, due to the obstruction of blood flow.
- Pulmonary Hypertension due to Left Heart Disease: Left-sided heart failure can lead to increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries, causing symptoms like chronic cough and shortness of breath.
- Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) associated with Pulmonary Hypertension: Certain ILDs, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, can lead to pulmonary hypertension and chronic cough due to the inflammation and scarring of lung tissue.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Sarcoidosis: This autoimmune disease can cause inflammation in various parts of the body, including the lungs, leading to pulmonary hypertension and chronic cough. Missing this diagnosis could result in delayed treatment and significant morbidity.
- Pulmonary Vasculitis (e.g., Wegener's Granulomatosis): These conditions involve inflammation of the blood vessels in the lungs, which can cause pulmonary hypertension and chronic cough. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent irreversible damage.
- Pulmonary Embolism: Although typically presenting acutely, chronic or recurrent pulmonary embolism can lead to pulmonary hypertension and chronic cough. Missing this diagnosis could be fatal.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM): A rare lung disease that primarily affects women, causing cystic lung lesions and potentially leading to pulmonary hypertension and chronic cough.
- Pulmonary Capillary Hemangiomatosis: A rare condition characterized by the abnormal growth of blood vessels in the lungs, resulting in pulmonary hypertension and chronic cough.
- Heritable Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Genetic conditions, such as those related to the BMPR2 gene, can increase the risk of developing pulmonary arterial hypertension, often presenting with chronic cough and other symptoms.