Differential Diagnosis for White Patches on Gum Line
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Oral Thrush (Candidiasis): This is the most common cause of white patches on the gum line, especially in immunocompromised individuals or those with poor oral hygiene. The patches are usually removable and may be accompanied by redness and soreness.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Leukoplakia: A condition characterized by white patches on the mucous membranes, including the gums, which cannot be rubbed off. It is often associated with chronic irritation, such as from tobacco use, and has a risk of progressing to oral cancer.
- Lichen Planus: An autoimmune condition that can cause white, lacy patches on the gums and other mucous membranes. It may be accompanied by redness, swelling, and pain.
- Oral Lichenoid Lesions: Similar to lichen planus, these lesions can appear as white patches on the gums and are often associated with allergic reactions or chronic irritation.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Oral Cancer: Although less common, white patches on the gum line can be an early sign of oral cancer, particularly if they are persistent, growing, or accompanied by other symptoms like bleeding or difficulty swallowing.
- HIV-Related Oral Lesions: In individuals with HIV/AIDS, white patches on the gum line can be a sign of opportunistic infections, such as oral candidiasis, or other conditions like Kaposi's sarcoma.
Rare Diagnoses
- Pemphigus Vulgaris: A rare autoimmune disease that can cause blistering and white patches on the gums and other mucous membranes.
- White Sponge Nevus: A rare genetic condition characterized by white, spongy patches on the gums and other oral mucous membranes.
- Darier's Disease: A rare genetic disorder that can cause white or yellowish patches on the gums, as well as other skin and mucous membrane lesions.