Does sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) cause diarrhea?

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Last updated: May 4, 2025 • View editorial policy

From the Research

Sodium bicarbonate can cause diarrhea in some individuals, particularly when taken in large amounts. This common household substance, also known as baking soda, works as an antacid by neutralizing stomach acid, but this action can disrupt normal digestive processes. When sodium bicarbonate reaches the intestines, it can draw water into the bowels through osmosis, resulting in loose stools or diarrhea. Additionally, the rapid neutralization of stomach acid can cause the stomach to produce more acid in response, potentially worsening digestive issues. If you're using sodium bicarbonate for heartburn or indigestion, stick to recommended doses (typically 1/2 teaspoon in a glass of water, not exceeding 7 half-teaspoons in 24 hours for adults) and avoid regular use without medical supervision. Those with certain medical conditions like kidney disease, heart failure, or high blood pressure should be particularly cautious as sodium bicarbonate contains significant sodium. If you experience persistent diarrhea after taking sodium bicarbonate, consider alternative antacids or consult with a healthcare provider, as noted in studies on managing irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea 1. Some key points to consider when managing diarrhea include:

  • Evaluating the underlying cause of diarrhea
  • Assessing patient symptoms and potential physiologic impacts on fluid and electrolyte status
  • Controlling inflammatory activity using appropriate treatment algorithms
  • Using therapies such as aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immune modifiers, and biologic treatment
  • Avoiding medications that can cause diarrhea and modifying individual diets as needed, as discussed in the context of inflammatory bowel disease 2. It's also important to note that antidiarrheal agents like loperamide may be used to slow motility and increase the absorption of fluids and nutrients, but should be used with caution and under medical supervision 3, 4, 5.

References

Research

The role of loperamide in gastrointestinal disorders.

Reviews in gastroenterological disorders, 2008

Research

Loperamide treatment of the irritable bowel syndrome.

Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. Supplement, 1987

Research

Loperamide in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome--a double-blind placebo controlled study.

Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. Supplement, 1987

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