What is phytophotodermatitis caused by lime (Citrus aurantifolia)?

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Last updated: May 4, 2025 • View editorial policy

From the Research

Lime phytophotodermatitis is a skin reaction that occurs when certain plant compounds called furocoumarins (found in limes, lemons, celery, and other plants) contact the skin and are then exposed to UV light, and the most effective treatment involves immediately washing the affected area with soap and water, applying cool compresses to reduce inflammation, and using over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream (1%) 2-3 times daily for 3-5 days to manage symptoms, as recommended by the most recent study 1.

Causes and Symptoms

The condition is caused by the activation of furocoumarins by UV light, leading to cellular damage and an inflammatory response in the skin, resulting in characteristic reddening, blistering, and subsequent darkening of affected areas 1. The symptoms of lime phytophotodermatitis can be severe and may include blistering, extensive involvement, and hyperpigmentation that fades over months 2.

Treatment and Prevention

Treatment for severe cases with blistering or extensive involvement may include oral antihistamines like diphenhydramine (25-50mg every 6 hours) to help with itching, and topical aloe vera gel for soothing relief 3. It is essential to avoid sun exposure to the affected area until healed and use broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30+) when outdoors 4. The condition typically resolves within 1-2 weeks but may leave hyperpigmentation that fades over months 5.

Key Considerations

Phytophotodermatitis can be easily misdiagnosed as other skin conditions, including fungal infection, cellulitis, allergic contact dermatitis, and even child abuse 4. Therefore, it is crucial to be aware of the condition and its causes to provide proper management and avoid unnecessary distress for patients 3.

  • The essential therapeutic pillar is the avoidance of exposure to the plant and sun exposure 1.
  • Symptomatically, topical corticosteroids and systemic antihistamines are used 1.
  • In severe cases, admission to a burn unit may be necessary 1.

References

Research

Lime-induced phytophotodermatitis.

Oxford medical case reports, 2019

Research

Lime-induced phytophotodermatitis.

Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives, 2014

Research

Phytophotodermatitis: the other "lime" disease.

The Journal of emergency medicine, 1999

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This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.