From the Guidelines
Abdominal pain is an emergency when it is severe, sudden, and accompanied by warning signs such as fever, vomiting, dehydration, bloody stool or vomit, abdominal swelling or tenderness, or radiating pain, which may indicate serious conditions like appendicitis, intestinal obstruction, or internal bleeding. According to the most recent study 1, acute appendicitis is a common cause of lower abdominal pain, and its incidence has been declining steadily since the late 1940s. The study also highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent life-threatening complications.
Some key warning signs that indicate abdominal pain is an emergency include:
- Severe and sudden pain that persists without relief
- Fever above 101°F
- Persistent vomiting
- Inability to pass stool or gas
- Signs of dehydration
- Bloody stool or vomit
- Abdominal swelling or tenderness
- Pain that radiates to the chest, shoulder, or neck
- Pregnancy
People with certain medical conditions, such as recent abdominal surgery, immunosuppression, or known abdominal conditions, should have a lower threshold for seeking emergency care 1. It is essential to seek immediate medical attention if abdominal pain is accompanied by any of these warning signs, as delayed treatment can lead to complications. The abdomen contains many vital organs, and severe pain often signals a condition that needs immediate diagnosis and treatment to prevent life-threatening complications.
In addition to these warning signs, certain populations, such as the elderly and immunocompromised patients, may require more prompt evaluation due to the increased risk of serious conditions 1. Imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosing abdominal pain, and computed tomography (CT) scans are often used to evaluate patients with non-specific abdominal pain 1. However, the decision to seek emergency care should not be delayed by waiting for imaging results, and patients with severe abdominal pain should be evaluated promptly by a healthcare professional.