Differential Diagnosis for Rigid Abdomen
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Peritonitis: This is the most likely diagnosis for a rigid abdomen, as peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum, the thin layer of tissue that lines the abdominal cavity, and is often caused by a bacterial infection. The rigid abdomen, also known as abdominal guarding, is a classic sign of peritonitis.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Hemoperitoneum: This refers to the presence of blood in the peritoneal cavity, often due to trauma or rupture of an abdominal organ. A rigid abdomen can be a sign of hemoperitoneum due to the body's response to the blood in the abdominal cavity.
- Intestinal obstruction: This occurs when there is a blockage in the intestines that prevents normal flow of food, fluids, and gas, causing abdominal pain, distension, and rigidity.
- Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas can cause abdominal pain and rigidity, especially if the pancreatitis is severe.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: Although less common, a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate attention. A rigid abdomen can be a sign of this condition, especially in older adults with a history of hypertension or smoking.
- Ectopic pregnancy: In women of childbearing age, a rigid abdomen can be a sign of an ectopic pregnancy, which is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.
- Mesenteric ischemia: This refers to a condition where there is a lack of blood flow to the intestines, which can cause abdominal pain, rigidity, and potentially life-threatening complications if not treated promptly.
Rare Diagnoses
- Abdominal compartment syndrome: This is a rare condition where there is increased pressure in the abdominal cavity, causing abdominal rigidity, pain, and potentially life-threatening complications.
- Intra-abdominal malignancy: Certain types of cancer, such as ovarian or gastrointestinal cancer, can cause abdominal rigidity, although this is a less common presentation.
- Scleroderma: This is a rare autoimmune disorder that can cause abdominal rigidity and other gastrointestinal symptoms, although it is not typically the first diagnosis considered in cases of rigid abdomen.