From the FDA Drug Label
Use For the temporary relief of itching associated with minor skin irritations. Uses temporarily relieves itching associated with minor skin irritations, inflammation, and rashes due to: eczema psoriasis poison ivy, oak, sumac insect bites detergents jewelry cosmetics soaps seborrheic dermatitis Directions for itching of skin irritation, inflammation, and rashes: adults and children 2 years of age and older: apply to affected area not more than 3 to 4 times daily
The itch associated with sunburn can be treated with topical medications such as pramoxine 1 or hydrocortisone 2. To use, apply the medication to the affected area not more than 3 to 4 times daily 3.
- For adults and children 2 years of age and older, apply to the affected area as directed 3.
- For children under 2 years of age, ask a doctor before using hydrocortisone 3.
- For children under 12 years of age, ask a doctor before using hydrocortisone for external anal and genital itching 3.
From the Research
To treat the itch associated with sunburn, apply cool compresses or take cool baths with colloidal oatmeal to soothe the skin, as this approach is focused on symptomatic relief and does not rely on pharmacologic agents with limited efficacy. The management of sunburn primarily involves addressing the symptoms, as the damage to skin cells is already done by the time symptoms appear. Over-the-counter options can include oral antihistamines like diphenhydramine (Benadryl) 25-50mg every 4-6 hours or cetirizine (Zyrtec) 10mg once daily for relief of itch and discomfort 4.
Symptomatic Treatment
Symptomatic treatment is recommended because studies have shown that pharmacologic agents such as corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have little to no clinically significant effect on the sunburn reaction or its healing time 5. The use of topical corticosteroids, for instance, has been studied, but the evidence does not strongly support their effectiveness in treating sunburn when applied after the sunburn has occurred 6, 7.
Preventing Further Irritation
It's also crucial to avoid scratching the affected area and to wear loose, soft clothing to prevent further irritation. Staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water helps the skin heal. If the sunburn is severe, accompanied by fever, or doesn't improve within a few days, seeking medical attention is advisable, as prescription-strength treatments may be necessary.
Evidence-Based Approach
The evidence-based approach to managing sunburn emphasizes the importance of symptomatic treatment, given the lack of convincing data supporting the use of specific pharmacologic agents to decrease recovery time or eliminate sunburn 4. Thus, focusing on comfort measures and monitoring for signs of severe sunburn or infection is key.