What is the cause of unilateral throat pain?

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Last updated: May 6, 2025View editorial policy

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Differential Diagnosis for Throat Pain on One Side

  • Single most likely diagnosis
    • Tonsillitis: This is the most common cause of unilateral throat pain, often accompanied by fever, swollen lymph nodes, and difficulty swallowing.
  • Other Likely diagnoses
    • Peritonsillar abscess: A complication of tonsillitis, characterized by a collection of pus behind the tonsil, causing severe throat pain on one side.
    • Pharyngitis: Inflammation of the pharynx, which can cause unilateral throat pain, often due to a viral or bacterial infection.
    • Dental problems: Tooth abscess, gum infection, or other dental issues can radiate pain to the throat, causing unilateral discomfort.
  • Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
    • Epiglottitis: A life-threatening condition characterized by inflammation of the epiglottis, which can cause severe throat pain, difficulty swallowing, and respiratory distress.
    • Retropharyngeal abscess: A rare but potentially deadly condition, where an abscess forms in the tissues at the back of the throat, causing severe pain, difficulty swallowing, and respiratory distress.
    • Carotid artery dissection: A rare but potentially life-threatening condition, where the inner lining of the carotid artery tears, causing severe throat pain, neck pain, and potentially leading to stroke.
  • Rare diagnoses
    • Eagle syndrome: A rare condition characterized by an elongated styloid process, which can cause unilateral throat pain, often accompanied by difficulty swallowing and neck pain.
    • Thyroiditis: Inflammation of the thyroid gland, which can cause unilateral throat pain, often accompanied by fever, swollen lymph nodes, and difficulty swallowing.
    • Oropharyngeal cancer: A rare but potentially deadly condition, where cancer develops in the oropharynx, causing unilateral throat pain, difficulty swallowing, and other symptoms.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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