Differential Diagnosis for Wheezing
- Single most likely diagnosis
- Asthma: This is the most common cause of wheezing, characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath, often triggered by allergens or irritants.
- Other Likely diagnoses
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): COPD is a progressive lung disease that can cause wheezing, particularly in smokers or those with a history of smoking.
- Bronchitis: Acute or chronic bronchitis can cause wheezing due to inflammation and irritation of the airways.
- Pneumonia: Certain types of pneumonia, such as bronchopneumonia, can cause wheezing.
- Allergic Rhinitis: Postnasal drip and allergic reactions can trigger wheezing in some individuals.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
- Pulmonary Embolism: Although less common, pulmonary embolism can cause sudden onset of wheezing, particularly if it is large and obstructs major airways.
- Foreign Body Aspiration: Aspiration of a foreign body can cause sudden onset of wheezing, particularly in children.
- Anaphylaxis: A severe allergic reaction can cause wheezing, and it is essential to recognize and treat it promptly.
- Cardiac Conditions (e.g., Heart Failure): In some cases, cardiac conditions can cause wheezing due to pulmonary congestion.
- Rare diagnoses
- Cystic Fibrosis: A genetic disorder that can cause chronic respiratory symptoms, including wheezing.
- Bronchiectasis: A condition characterized by permanent enlargement of parts of the airways, which can cause wheezing.
- Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency: A genetic disorder that can cause COPD-like symptoms, including wheezing.
- Parasitic Infections (e.g., Parasitic pneumonia): Certain parasitic infections can cause wheezing, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.