Differential Diagnosis for Left Leg Pain and Swelling
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Muscle Strain: The most common cause of leg pain and swelling, especially if the patient has recently engaged in physical activity or has a history of overuse. The denial of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) history does not rule out other musculoskeletal issues.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Cellulitis: A bacterial skin infection that can cause pain, swelling, and redness in the affected leg. It's a common condition that can arise from minor skin breaks or infections.
- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Despite the patient's denial of history, DVT cannot be completely ruled out without further investigation, as it is a significant cause of leg swelling and pain.
- Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): A condition where narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the legs, causing pain, especially during walking, and swelling.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Compartment Syndrome: A serious condition resulting from increased pressure within a muscle compartment, which can lead to nerve and muscle damage. It requires immediate medical attention.
- Septic Arthritis: An infection within a joint, which can cause severe pain and swelling. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term joint damage.
- Osteomyelitis: A bone infection that can cause pain, swelling, and redness in the affected area. It's a serious condition that requires early diagnosis and treatment.
Rare Diagnoses
- Lymphedema: A condition characterized by chronic swelling due to impaired lymphatic drainage. It's less common but should be considered if other causes are ruled out.
- Erythromelalgia: A rare disorder that causes burning pain, heat, and redness in the hands and feet. It's an uncommon condition but could be a consideration in the differential diagnosis.
- Neoplastic Conditions: Rarely, leg pain and swelling can be symptoms of underlying neoplastic conditions, such as soft tissue sarcomas. Although uncommon, these conditions should not be overlooked in the diagnostic process.