Differential Diagnosis for Neutrophil Predominant Leukocytosis with Monocytes
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Bacterial infection (e.g., pneumonia, sepsis): This is the most common cause of neutrophil predominant leukocytosis, and the presence of monocytes may indicate a chronic or severe infection.
- Other Likely Diagnoses
- Acute stress reaction (e.g., post-surgery, trauma): Stress can cause demargination of neutrophils and an increase in monocytes.
- Inflammatory conditions (e.g., acute appendicitis, cholecystitis): Neutrophil predominant leukocytosis is a common finding in inflammatory conditions, and monocytes may be elevated in response to tissue damage.
- Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML): Although less common, CML can present with neutrophil predominant leukocytosis and an increase in monocytes.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Sepsis with a fungal or parasitic infection: These infections can present with neutrophil predominant leukocytosis and monocytes, and are often life-threatening if not promptly treated.
- Hematologic malignancy (e.g., acute myeloid leukemia, myeloproliferative neoplasm): Although less common, these conditions can present with neutrophil predominant leukocytosis and monocytes, and are often aggressive and life-threatening.
- Rare Diagnoses
- Myeloproliferative neoplasm (e.g., polycythemia vera, essential thrombocytosis): These conditions can present with neutrophil predominant leukocytosis and monocytes, but are relatively rare.
- Chronic neutrophilic leukemia: A rare condition characterized by persistent neutrophilic leukocytosis, often with an increase in monocytes.
- Leukemoid reaction: A rare condition characterized by a marked increase in neutrophils and monocytes, often in response to a severe infection or inflammatory condition.