Differential Diagnosis for Oxidative Tonsillitis
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Streptococcal Pharyngitis: This is the most common cause of oxidative tonsillitis, typically presenting with severe throat pain, fever, and swollen, erythematous tonsils. The diagnosis is often confirmed by a rapid streptococcal antigen test or throat culture.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Viral Pharyngitis: Caused by viruses such as adenovirus, influenza, or mononucleosis, presenting with similar symptoms to streptococcal pharyngitis but often accompanied by other viral symptoms like cough or rash.
- Infectious Mononucleosis: Caused by Epstein-Barr virus, characterized by severe pharyngitis, fever, fatigue, and lymphadenopathy, often affecting young adults.
- Acute Fungal Tonsillitis: Though less common, can occur, especially in immunocompromised patients, presenting with similar symptoms but may have a more prolonged course.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Lemierre's Syndrome: A rare but potentially life-threatening condition caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum, presenting with severe pharyngitis followed by sepsis and thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. Early recognition is crucial for appropriate management.
- Peritonsillar Abscess: A complication of tonsillitis where an abscess forms beside the tonsils, requiring prompt drainage to prevent airway obstruction and other complications.
- Epiglottitis: Inflammation of the epiglottis, which can be life-threatening due to the risk of airway obstruction. It presents with severe throat pain, difficulty swallowing, and shortness of breath.
Rare Diagnoses
- Diphtheria: A bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, characterized by a membrane covering the tonsils and throat, which can lead to respiratory and cardiac complications if not treated promptly.
- Tuberculous Tonsillitis: A rare form of tuberculosis affecting the tonsils, more common in areas with high TB prevalence, presenting with chronic symptoms and often diagnosed after other causes have been ruled out.
- Syphilitic Tonsillitis: A manifestation of secondary syphilis, presenting with mucous patches on the tonsils, which is rare but should be considered in patients with risk factors for sexually transmitted infections.