What is the optimal medication and therapy management for psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES)?

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Last updated: May 8, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Research

The best management for psychogenic seizures involves a combination of psychotherapy and appropriate medication management, with psychotherapy being the primary treatment, as evidenced by the most recent study in 2022 1.

Key Components of Management

  • Psychotherapy: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is the most effective therapy approach, typically delivered in 12-16 weekly sessions focusing on identifying triggers, managing stress, and developing coping strategies.
  • Medication management: Avoid unnecessary antiepileptic drugs, and consider psychiatric medications for comorbid conditions, such as SSRIs (e.g., sertraline 50-200mg daily or fluoxetine 20-80mg daily) for depression or anxiety, or low-dose benzodiazepines (e.g., clonazepam 0.5-2mg) for acute anxiety, with cautious use due to dependence risk.

Multidisciplinary Approach

  • Involving neurologists, psychiatrists, and psychologists to provide comprehensive care.
  • Clear communication about the diagnosis, emphasizing the psychological origin of the seizures, is essential for patient acceptance and participation in therapy.

Treatment Outcomes

  • Many patients experience significant reduction in seizure frequency with appropriate treatment, as shown in a study published in 2021 2, where 50% of patients improved by 50% or more in seizure frequency after attending at least 7 sessions of CBT-informed psychotherapy in longer than 3 months.
  • Quality of life can be improved with treatment, although some patients may remain symptomatic and experience continued impairments, highlighting the need for long-term follow-up and ongoing support.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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