From the Guidelines
Laboratory tests, particularly liver function tests, are crucial for assessing gallbladder issues, with a focus on alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and bilirubin levels, as indicated by the most recent study 1. When evaluating gallbladder issues, the following laboratory tests are essential:
- Liver function tests, including ALP, ALT, AST, and bilirubin levels, to assess liver damage and biliary obstruction
- Complete blood count (CBC) to identify inflammation or infection
- Lipid panels to assess cholesterol levels, which contribute to gallstone formation
- Pancreatic enzymes, such as amylase and lipase, to evaluate the impact of gallbladder disease on the pancreas
- C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate to measure inflammation severity According to the study 1, elevated ALP levels may indicate cholestatic liver disease, while increased bilirubin levels suggest potential gallstone blockage. The study also notes that ALT elevations are specific for liver injury, with normal levels ranging from 19 to 25 IU/L in women and 29 to 33 IU/L in men. In addition to laboratory tests, imaging techniques, such as ultrasound, play a crucial role in diagnosing gallbladder issues, as highlighted in the study 1. Ultrasound is the first choice of investigation for biliary symptoms or right upper quadrant abdominal pain, with a reported accuracy of 96% for detecting gallstones. The study 1 also emphasizes the importance of combining laboratory tests with clinical symptoms and imaging findings to provide a comprehensive assessment of gallbladder function and identify potential complications like infection or obstruction. The most effective approach to assessing gallbladder issues involves a combination of laboratory tests, clinical evaluation, and imaging techniques, with a focus on the most recent and highest-quality evidence 1.