Is habitual knuckle cracking harmful?

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Last updated: February 19, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

It is generally recommended to avoid cracking your knuckles, as it may lead to potential harm.

Reasons to Avoid Knuckle Cracking

  • Cracking your knuckles, also known as knuckle cracking or knuckle popping, can cause joint instability and inflammation, and potentially lead to arthritis or other joint problems over time.
  • Additionally, frequent knuckle cracking may weaken the ligaments surrounding the joint, making it more prone to injury.

Managing Joint Health

If you experience persistent joint pain or discomfort, it is advised to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment, which may include:

  • Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, or in some cases, prescription medications like corticosteroids. To manage joint health, it is recommended to:
  • Maintain a healthy weight
  • Engage in regular exercise
  • Avoid repetitive strain on joints, as supported by studies such as 1.

Note that the provided evidence does not directly address the question of knuckle cracking, but general principles of joint health and management can be applied.

From the Research

Habitual Knuckle Cracking Harm

  • Habitual knuckle cracking has been associated with functional hand impairment, including hand swelling and lower grip strength 2.
  • Acute injuries can result from the forceful manipulation needed to achieve the audible pop of cracking knuckles 3.
  • There is no increased preponderance of arthritis of the hand in habitual knuckle crackers compared to non-knuckle crackers 2, 4.
  • Habitual knuckle cracking is associated with manual labor, biting of the nails, smoking, and drinking alcohol 2.
  • Immediately after a documented crack, there are greater ranges of motion with active flexion, passive flexion, passive extension, and passive total ROM 5.
  • The characteristic sonographic finding observed during cracking events is an echogenic focus that appears de novo dynamically in the joint during distraction 5.
  • There is no evidence of immediate adverse physical examination findings after knuckle cracking 5.
  • Fewer studies report associations between knuckle cracking and other conditions, mainly through descriptive, small, or cross-sectional studies 6.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Effect of habitual knuckle cracking on hand function.

Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 1990

Research

Consequences of knuckle cracking: a report of two acute injuries.

American journal of orthopedics (Belle Mead, N.J.), 1999

Research

Clinical Inquiry: Does knuckle popping lead to arthritis?

The Journal of family practice, 2016

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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