Differential Diagnosis for Swollen Lower Limb
- Single most likely diagnosis
- Cellulitis: This is a common cause of swollen lower limb, typically presenting with redness, warmth, and tenderness due to a bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue.
- Other Likely diagnoses
- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): A blood clot in the deep veins of the lower limb can cause swelling, pain, and warmth, making it a likely consideration.
- Lymphedema: This condition, characterized by the abnormal accumulation of protein-rich fluid in the interstitial tissue, can lead to chronic swelling of the lower limb.
- Trauma or injury: Direct trauma to the lower limb can result in swelling due to inflammation and fluid accumulation.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
- Compartment syndrome: A medical emergency where increased pressure within a muscle compartment leads to inadequate blood supply, which can cause severe pain, swelling, and potentially permanent damage if not promptly treated.
- Pulmonary embolism (if DVT is suspected): Although not directly causing limb swelling, a DVT increases the risk of a pulmonary embolism, which is life-threatening and requires immediate attention.
- Necrotizing fasciitis: A severe infection that destroys tissue under the skin, including fat and the tissue covering the muscles (fascia), which can be fatal if not promptly diagnosed and treated.
- Rare diagnoses
- Erythromelalgia: A rare disorder characterized by burning pain, heat, and redness in the hands and feet, which can also cause swelling.
- Fabry disease: A genetic disorder that can lead to the accumulation of a particular type of fat in the body's cells, affecting many parts of the body and potentially causing swelling in the lower limbs.
- Lipedema: A chronic condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fat cells in the legs, leading to swelling and pain.