What is the term for the top side of the forearm on physical examination, specifically the anterior (front) aspect?

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From the Guidelines

The top side of the forearm is called the volar aspect during physical examination, as it is the area where patch testing is commonly performed, specifically on the volar aspect of the forearm 1. This refers to the anterior surface of the forearm, which is the side where the palm faces when the arm is in anatomical position. The volar aspect contains important anatomical structures including the flexor muscles, various tendons that control flexion of the wrist and fingers, and is a common site for medical procedures such as patch testing for drug allergies, as described in the study published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 1. When performing a physical exam of this area, clinicians often assess for swelling, tenderness, muscle strength, and integrity of the flexor tendons. The term "volar" is used to describe this area, and understanding this anatomical term is essential for accurate documentation and communication in clinical settings. Some key points to consider when examining the volar aspect of the forearm include:

  • It is a common site for patch testing, with the study recommending the use of the volar aspect of the forearm for convenience of documentation by the patient 1
  • The area should be non-sun-exposed if possible, to minimize the risk of interference with test results 1
  • The volar aspect is also an alternative site for immediate intradermal testing, particularly in young children 1

From the Research

Forearm Anatomy

  • The top side of the forearm is referred to as the dorsal or posterior side, which contains the extensor muscles 2.
  • The forearm is divided into three compartments: the volar (anterior or flexor), the dorsal (posterior or extensor), and the mobile wad 2.
  • The dorsal compartment contains muscles such as the extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, and extensor carpi ulnaris, among others, although the specific muscles are not mentioned in the provided studies.

Clinical Relevance

  • Knowledge of the topographic anatomy of the forearm is essential for correct performance of ultrasound examinations and interpretation of images 3.
  • The dorsal approach can be used for decompression fasciotomy of the forearm, which is a surgical procedure used to treat acute compartment syndrome 2.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Sonoanatomy of anterior forearm muscles.

Journal of ultrasound, 2019

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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