From the Guidelines
The echocardiogram results indicate completely normal cardiac function, with no evidence of heart failure, valve disease, or other cardiac abnormalities, and therefore, no specific cardiac medications or interventions are needed based on these results. The left ventricular systolic function is normal with an ejection fraction by Biplane Method of Discs of 61%, which is in line with the recommendations for chamber quantification and diastolic function assessment outlined in the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging expert consensus document 1. The left ventricular diastolic function is also normal, and the right ventricular systolic function is normal, with measurements of S' 13.4 cm/s and TAPSE 2.1 cm, which are consistent with good right heart function. Additionally, the inferior vena cava shows normal collapse during breathing, indicating a normal right atrial pressure of 3 mmHg, and there is no pericardial effusion. These findings suggest that the heart is structurally and functionally healthy. Some key points to note from the echocardiogram results include:
- Normal left ventricular systolic function with an ejection fraction of 61%
- Normal left ventricular diastolic function
- Normal right ventricular systolic function with S' 13.4 cm/s and TAPSE 2.1 cm
- Normal inferior vena cava collapse and right atrial pressure
- No pericardial effusion Overall, these results are consistent with a healthy heart, and maintaining heart health through regular exercise, healthy diet, and avoiding smoking remains important for long-term cardiovascular wellness, as outlined in the European Heart Journal 1.
From the Research
Echo Results Analysis
The provided echo results indicate:
- Normal left ventricular systolic function with an ejection fraction of 61% by Biplane Method of Discs 2
- Normal left ventricular diastolic function
- Normal right ventricular systolic function with S' 13.4 cm/s and TAPSE 2.1 cm
- Normal inferior vena cava with >50% collapse upon inspiration, consistent with normal right atrial pressure of 3 mmHg
- No pericardial effusion
Comparison with Normal Reference Intervals
According to the British Society of Echocardiography guideline, the normal reference intervals for cardiac dimensions and function should be used in echocardiographic practice 3. The provided echo results are within the normal limits, with the left ventricular ejection fraction being above the lower normal limit of 50.8% for women and 49.6% for men 2.
Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease
The echo results do not directly indicate any risk factors for coronary heart disease. However, studies have shown that classical risk factors such as raised serum total cholesterol, high blood pressure, and smoking increase the risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) 4, 5, 6. Smoking cessation has been shown to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates relatively rapidly 5, 6.
Key Findings
- The echo results indicate normal cardiac function and dimensions
- The left ventricular ejection fraction is within the normal limits
- Risk factors for coronary heart disease, such as smoking, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol, are not directly indicated by the echo results, but are important considerations for overall cardiovascular health 4, 5, 6