What are the causes of infantile spasms (IS) or shaking episodes in babies?

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Differential Diagnosis for Shaking Baby Episodes

Single Most Likely Diagnosis

  • Abusive Head Trauma (AHT): This is the most likely diagnosis, as shaking baby episodes are a common presentation of AHT, which is a form of child abuse that can cause severe head injuries.

Other Likely Diagnoses

  • Seizure Disorder: A seizure disorder, such as epilepsy, can cause shaking or convulsions in infants, which may be mistaken for shaking baby episodes.
  • Infection: Infections such as meningitis or sepsis can cause seizures, fever, and irritability, which may be misinterpreted as shaking baby episodes.
  • Metabolic Disorders: Certain metabolic disorders, such as hypoglycemia or hyperammonemia, can cause seizures, tremors, or other symptoms that may be mistaken for shaking baby episodes.

Do Not Miss Diagnoses

  • Intracranial Hemorrhage: An intracranial hemorrhage, which can be caused by trauma, vascular malformations, or other conditions, is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate attention.
  • Meningitis: Meningitis is a serious infection that can cause seizures, fever, and other symptoms, and requires prompt treatment to prevent long-term damage or death.
  • Cardiac Arrhythmias: Certain cardiac arrhythmias, such as long QT syndrome, can cause seizures or sudden death, and require immediate medical attention.

Rare Diagnoses

  • Benign Familial Infantile Seizures: This is a rare genetic disorder that causes seizures in infants, which may be mistaken for shaking baby episodes.
  • Glutaric Aciduria Type 1: This is a rare metabolic disorder that can cause seizures, tremors, and other symptoms, which may be misinterpreted as shaking baby episodes.
  • Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A subarachnoid hemorrhage, which can be caused by trauma or vascular malformations, is a rare but life-threatening condition that requires immediate attention.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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