Differential Diagnosis for Abscess in Right Axilla
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Furuncle or Carbuncle: This is the most common cause of an axillary abscess, typically resulting from a bacterial infection (often Staphylococcus aureus) of a hair follicle. The warm, moist environment of the axilla makes it a prone area for such infections.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A chronic skin condition characterized by recurrent, painful abscesses in apocrine-gland-bearing areas, such as the axillae. It's a common cause of axillary abscesses, especially in younger adults.
- Infected Epidermal Inclusion Cyst: These cysts can become infected and form an abscess. They are common in the axilla and can be painful.
- Cutaneous Abscess from Bacterial Infection: Direct bacterial infection of the skin can lead to abscess formation. This could be from various bacteria, with Staphylococcus aureus being a common culprit.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Cat-Scratch Disease: Caused by Bartonella henselae, this infection can lead to lymphadenopathy and abscesses, particularly after a cat scratch or bite. It's crucial to consider this in patients with a history of cat exposure.
- Tuberculous Abscess: Although less common, tuberculosis can cause abscesses in various parts of the body, including the axilla. This diagnosis is critical to consider, especially in immunocompromised patients or those from areas with high TB prevalence.
- Actinomycosis: A rare bacterial infection that can cause abscesses, actinomycosis is important to consider because it requires different treatment (often long-term antibiotics) than typical bacterial abscesses.
Rare Diagnoses
- Nocardial Infection: Nocardia species can cause abscesses, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. This diagnosis is rare but important to consider due to its potential severity and need for specific antibiotic treatment.
- Mycobacterial Infections (other than TB): Other mycobacteria, such as those causing leprosy or Buruli ulcer, can lead to skin and soft tissue infections, including abscesses, in rare cases.
- Foreign Body Reaction: In some cases, an abscess can form as a reaction to a foreign body, such as a splinter or other object, that has penetrated the skin. This is less common in the axilla but should be considered, especially with a relevant history.