What is the difference between viral pneumonitis and Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) infection?

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Last updated: May 10, 2025View editorial policy

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Differential Diagnosis for Viral Pneumonitis vs VIW

  • Single most likely diagnosis
    • Viral pneumonitis: This is the most likely diagnosis given the presentation, as viral infections are a common cause of pneumonitis, especially in immunocompetent individuals.
  • Other Likely diagnoses
    • Bacterial pneumonitis: This is another likely diagnosis, as bacterial infections can also cause pneumonitis, especially in certain populations such as the elderly or those with underlying health conditions.
    • Influenza: Given the similarity in symptoms, influenza is a likely diagnosis, especially during flu season.
    • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection: RSV is a common cause of respiratory illness, especially in older adults and young children.
  • Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
    • SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19): Although the likelihood may vary depending on the current pandemic situation, missing a diagnosis of COVID-19 could have severe consequences due to its potential for severe illness and transmission.
    • Influenza A (H1N1) or other severe influenza strains: Similar to COVID-19, missing a diagnosis of a severe influenza strain could lead to severe illness or death, especially in high-risk populations.
    • Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP): Especially in immunocompromised patients, PCP is a critical diagnosis not to miss due to its high mortality rate if left untreated.
  • Rare diagnoses
    • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonitis: This is a rare diagnosis, typically seen in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV/AIDS or transplant recipients.
    • Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS): A rare but potentially deadly viral infection, typically associated with exposure to rodents or their droppings.
    • Adenovirus pneumonitis: Although adenovirus infections are common, severe pneumonitis due to adenovirus is rare and usually seen in immunocompromised individuals or during outbreaks.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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