From the Guidelines
Sunburn is a well-established trigger for lupus flares in people with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and patients should take preventive measures to avoid sun exposure and reduce the risk of flares. According to the 2024 EULAR recommendations for the non-pharmacological management of SLE, photoprotection should be advised for the prevention of flares [ 1 ]. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a known triggering factor of cutaneous and systemic lupus flares, and experimental studies have shown that broad-spectrum sunscreens can prevent cutaneous lesions on photo-provocation [ 1 ].
Some key measures to prevent lupus flares triggered by sunburn include:
- Avoiding direct sun exposure, especially during days with high UV index
- Using physical barriers such as hats, sunglasses, and long-sleeved shirts and pants
- Applying broad-spectrum sunscreen with regular reapplication
- Assessing the need for vitamin D supplements when indicated [ 1 ]
It is essential for people with SLE to be aware of the potential triggers of lupus flares, including sunburn, and take proactive steps to prevent them. By following these recommendations and taking preventive measures, patients with SLE can reduce their risk of flares and improve their overall quality of life [ 1 ].
From the Research
Association with Sunburn and Lupus
- Sunburn can exacerbate lupus symptoms, particularly cutaneous lupus erythematosus 2
- Sun avoidance and sunscreen are important preventative measures to minimize cutaneous lupus erythematosus exacerbations 2
- There is no direct evidence in the provided studies that discusses the association between sunburn and lupus, but it is mentioned that sun avoidance is crucial in managing cutaneous lupus erythematosus 2
Treatment of Lupus
- The treatment of lupus typically involves a combination of topical and systemic therapies, including corticosteroids, antimalarial therapy, and immunosuppressants 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
- Corticosteroids are a mainstay of treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus, but their use can be accompanied by adverse effects and infections 4, 6
- Other treatments, such as epratuzumab, have been studied, but their efficacy is still unclear 3
Management of Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus
- Limited disease is typically managed with topical corticosteroids or calcineurin inhibitors 2
- Antimalarial therapy is the gold standard of systemic therapy for cutaneous lupus erythematosus 2
- Sun protection is essential in managing cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and patients should avoid sun exposure and use sunscreen regularly 2