From the Guidelines
A subluxation complex refers to a condition where a joint is partially dislocated, resulting in a disruption of the normal alignment and function of the joint.
Key Characteristics
- This can lead to inflammation, pain, and limited mobility [ 1 ].
- The subluxation complex involves a combination of factors, including joint dysfunction, muscle spasms, and nerve irritation, which can affect the surrounding soft tissues and overall joint stability.
Clinical Practice
In clinical practice, the subluxation complex is often associated with chiropractic care, where it is considered a significant factor in various musculoskeletal conditions, such as back pain, neck pain, and headaches.
- Treatment typically involves spinal manipulation and other manual therapies aimed at restoring normal joint function and reducing symptoms [ 1 ].
Diagnosis and Treatment
It is essential to approach the diagnosis and treatment of subluxation complex with caution, as the condition can be complex and may require a comprehensive evaluation and individualized treatment plan.
- In some cases, medication such as pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen may be recommended to manage symptoms, but the primary focus is on non-pharmacological interventions [ 1 ].
Radiographic Evaluation
Radiographic evaluation, such as X-rays, can be used to assess the relationship of the joint and surrounding bones, and to detect any dislocation or subluxation [ 1 ].
- The von Rosen view and frog-leg view may be helpful in accentuating a dislocated joint that may not be apparent on routine views [ 1 ].
From the Research
Definition of Subluxation Complex
- A subluxation complex refers to a biomechanical fault that is abnormal in both its dynamic and static components, involving a joint that is fixated and slightly malpositioned in one or more axes of rotation 2.
- It can be considered as one component of a complex or syndrome of intervertebral dyskinesia, dysarthrosis, or dysfunction, which may involve pain mechanisms, tissue changes, and residual effects of acute and chronic intervertebral fixation 2.
Characteristics of Subluxation Complex
- A subluxation may be characterized by joint instability, which can be caused by either joint trauma or systemic ligamentous laxity in a setting of connective tissue disorders 3.
- It can also be associated with intervertebral dysfunction, which may involve biochemical and histological changes, and may require repeated spinal manipulations and prolonged care 2.
Examples of Subluxation Complex
- Recurrent bilateral basilar joint subluxation has been reported in a teenage boy, which was caused by low-energy mechanisms and required multiple procedures to treat 3.
- Recurrent subluxation of the sacroiliac joint has been reported, which can cause pain, impairment, and disability, and may require surgical treatment such as sacroiliac stabilization with screws 4.
- Subluxation of the subtalar joint has been reported in patients with adult acquired flatfoot deformity, which can be measured at the posterior and middle facets, and may provide an earlier and more pronounced marker of progressive peritalar subluxation 5.