What is the diagnosis and treatment for a patient who presents with a swollen area on the back of her head, fever, swollen extremities, fatigue, intermittent double vision, and headache after being exposed to a botfly (Dermatobia hominis) while cleaning a refrigerator infested with insects?

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Differential Diagnosis

  • Single most likely diagnosis
    • Myiasis due to Botfly infestation: The patient's history of exposure to bugs while cleaning a refrigerator, followed by the development of a swollen area on the back of her head with a dark indentation, is consistent with a Botfly infestation. The presence of a pus-filled area and systemic symptoms such as fever and fatigue further support this diagnosis.
  • Other Likely diagnoses
    • Cellulitis or abscess: The patient's symptoms of a swollen, pus-filled area with fever and fatigue could also be consistent with a bacterial infection such as cellulitis or an abscess.
    • Insect bite reaction: The patient's exposure to bugs could have resulted in an allergic reaction or infection from an insect bite, which could cause similar symptoms.
    • Folliculitis or furunculosis: The patient's symptoms could also be consistent with a bacterial infection of the hair follicle, such as folliculitis or furunculosis.
  • Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
    • Meningitis: The patient's symptoms of fever, headache, and double vision could be consistent with meningitis, which is a life-threatening condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment.
    • Brain abscess: The patient's symptoms of fever, headache, and double vision could also be consistent with a brain abscess, which is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition.
    • Tick-borne illnesses (e.g. Rocky Mountain spotted fever): Although the patient's history does not specifically mention tick exposure, tick-borne illnesses can present with similar symptoms and are potentially life-threatening if not treated promptly.
  • Rare diagnoses
    • Leishmaniasis: This is a rare parasitic infection that can cause skin lesions and systemic symptoms, but it is typically associated with travel to endemic areas.
    • Mycobacterial infection: This is a rare bacterial infection that can cause skin lesions and systemic symptoms, but it is typically associated with immunocompromised individuals or specific exposures.

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This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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