What is the role of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) in treating hyperpigmentation?

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Last updated: May 13, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Research

Vitamin C helps reduce dark spots by inhibiting melanin production, acting as an antioxidant, and promoting skin cell turnover, with a concentration of 10% showing strong antipigmenting effects, as evidenced by a Bayesian meta-analysis of 31 randomized controlled trials 1. When applied topically, vitamin C (ascorbic acid) blocks the enzyme tyrosinase, which is necessary for melanin formation, effectively preventing hyperpigmentation.

  • For best results, apply a vitamin C serum daily in the morning, followed by sunscreen, as consistency is key for visible improvement.
  • Most people see results after 8-12 weeks of regular use.
  • L-ascorbic acid is the most effective form, though it can be unstable; look for serums in dark or opaque packaging with airtight dispensers to maintain potency. Vitamin C also protects against free radical damage from UV exposure and environmental pollutants, which can worsen dark spots, and stimulates collagen production, helping to repair and renew skin cells, which aids in fading existing hyperpigmentation over time, as supported by a systematic review of 7 studies 2 and a review of natural molecules for depigmentation and anti-aging treatment 3. Additionally, a study on the safety and efficacy of a topical formulation containing vitamin C, among other ingredients, showed significant improvement in hyperpigmentation with a lower adverse reaction profile compared to hydroquinone 4% 4. Overall, the current evidence suggests that vitamin C is a valuable and safe dermocosmetic antipigmenting compound, with topical application of 10% vitamin C being a recommended treatment for reducing dark spots and preventing hyperpigmentation 1.

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This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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