From the Guidelines
Anaplastic lymphoma is typically characterized by the absence of CD10 expression, which is a crucial diagnostic feature in distinguishing it from other types of lymphomas, particularly B-cell lymphomas. The determination of CD10 expression is optional but important for differentiation of germinal center derivation (GCB) or activated B-cell (ABC) type in diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, as stated in the ESMO clinical recommendations for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up 1.
Key Diagnostic Features
- Immunohistochemistry is mandatory with a description of minimal antibody panel results, including CD45, CD20, and CD3.
- The absence of CD10 in anaplastic lymphoma helps distinguish it from B-cell lymphomas, which often express CD10.
- CD30 positivity is a hallmark of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), and molecular testing for ALK rearrangements further divides ALCL into ALK-positive and ALK-negative subtypes.
Diagnostic Approach
- Diagnosis should be made on the basis of a surgical specimen or extranodal tissue biopsy providing enough material for formalin-fixed samples, with core biopsies considered in emergency cases.
- Processing by an experienced pathology institute is crucial to ensure adequate quality, and the histological report should follow the World Health Organization classification.
- The collection of fresh frozen material for molecular characterization is recommended, although gene expression profiling remains investigational 1.
Clinical Implications
- The distinction between anaplastic lymphoma and other lymphomas, based on CD10 expression among other factors, is critical due to differences in treatment approaches and outcomes.
- Accurate diagnosis, incorporating immunophenotyping and molecular testing, is essential for guiding treatment decisions and improving patient outcomes.
From the Research
Anaplastic Lymphoma CD10
- The provided studies do not directly address the topic of anaplastic lymphoma CD10, but rather focus on various types of lymphoma and their treatments 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
- However, it is worth noting that anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that can express CD30, but not necessarily CD10 4.
- The studies discuss different treatment approaches for ALCL, including anthracycline-based regimens such as CHOP, and newer therapies like brentuximab vedotin 4, 5.
- Some studies highlight the importance of distinguishing between ALK-positive and ALK-negative ALCL, as this can impact treatment outcomes and prognosis 4, 5.
- Overall, while the provided studies do not specifically address anaplastic lymphoma CD10, they do offer insights into the treatment and management of related types of lymphoma.