What conditions are treated in urology?

From the Guidelines

Urology is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the urinary tract in both men and women, as well as the male reproductive system, including urinary tract infections, kidney stones, prostate problems, and erectile dysfunction, among others. The field of urology encompasses a wide range of disorders, including but not limited to:

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs) 1
• Kidney stones
• Prostate problems, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer
• Erectile dysfunction
• Male reproductive system disorders, such as infertility and testicular cancer
• Urological trauma and infections, including Fournier’s gangrene and abscesses requiring drainage 1
• Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) 1
• Non-neurogenic male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) 1 Urologists use a combination of medical management and surgical interventions to address these conditions, with the goal of improving patients’ quality of life and reducing morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis and treatment of urological conditions often involve a range of tests and procedures, including:
• Medical history and physical examination
• Urinalysis and urine culture
• Imaging studies, such as ultrasound and CT scans
• Urodynamic tests, such as uroflowmetry and post-void residual measurement
• Cystoscopy and other endoscopic procedures
• Surgical interventions, such as prostatectomy and nephrectomy. Overall, urology is a vital branch of medicine that plays a critical role in maintaining patients’ overall health and well-being.

From the FDA Drug Label

To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim tablets and other antibacterial drugs, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim tablets should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to empiric selection of therapy Urinary Tract Infections For the treatment of urinary tract infections due to susceptible strains of the following organisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris

The condition treated in urology is Urinary Tract Infections due to susceptible strains of certain organisms, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis, and Proteus vulgaris 2.

From the Research

Conditions Treated in Urology

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common condition treated in urology, including acute uncomplicated UTIs in adults 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
• Uncomplicated UTIs can be further divided into:
  • Acute uncomplicated cystitis 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
  • Uncomplicated pyelonephritis 6, 7
• Other conditions that may be treated in urology include:
  • Urethritis 3
  • Prostatitis 3
  • Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) 6, 7

Treatment Options

• First-line antibiotics for uncomplicated UTIs include:
  • Nitrofurantoin 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
  • Fosfomycin 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
  • Pivmecillinam 5, 6, 7
  • Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (although resistance rates are increasing) 3, 4, 7
• Second-line options include:
  • Oral cephalosporins such as cephalexin or cefixime 5
  • Fluoroquinolones 5
  • β-lactams such as amoxicillin-clavulanate 5
• Treatment options for UTIs due to specific resistant organisms, such as ESBL-producing Enterobacteriales or carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriales, are also available 5