What happens to Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels during cell lysis after bacteriophage therapy?

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From the Research

Bakteriyofaj tedavisi sonrasında hücre lizisi sırasında TNF-alfa miktarı genellikle artar. Bu artış, bakteriyofajların bakterileri enfekte edip lizlediği sırada, bakteriyel hücre bileşenlerinin (lipopolisakkaritler, peptidoglikanlar ve diğer patojenle ilişkili moleküler desenler) serbest kalması ve bağışıklık hücrelerini (makrofajlar ve dendritik hücreler) pro-inflamatuar sitokinler, včetně TNF-alfa, üretmeye teşvik etmesiyle oluşur. Bu inflamatuar yanıt, bakteriyel bileşenlerin serbest kalması sırasında meydana gelen doğal bir bağışıklık tepkisidir. TNF-alfa artışının büyüklüğü, bakteriyel yük, bakteriyofaj tedavisinin etkinliği ve bireysel hastanın bağışıklık durumuna bağlı olarak değişebilir. Bu inflamatuar yanıt genellikle kendiliğinden sınırlıdır, çünkü bakteriyel enfeksiyon bakteriyofajlar tarafından temizlenir 1.

Ayrıca, bazı çalışmalar TNF-alfa inhibitörlerinin bakteriyel enfeksiyonların tedavisinde kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir. Örneğin, bir çalışmada, TNF-alfa inhibitörü etanercept'in standard tüberküloz tedavisine eklenmesinin, bakteriyel yükü azaltabileceği gösterilmiştir 2. Ancak, TNF-alfa inhibitörlerinin kullanımı ile ilgili olarak, özellikle de latent tüberküloz enfeksiyonunun reaktivasyonu riski gibi endişeler vardır 3.

Bu nedenle, TNF-alfa düzeylerinin closely izlenmesi ve inflamatuar komplikasyonların önlenmesi için gerekli önlemlerin alınması önemlidir. Ayrıca, bakteriyofaj tedavisinin etkinliğini ve güvenliğini değerlendirmek için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır 4, 5.

References

1
Research

Bacteriophages and its applications: an overview.

Folia microbiologica, 2017

3
Research

Infection risk associated with anti-TNF-α agents: a review.

Expert opinion on drug safety, 2015

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