Differential Diagnosis for Hyperinsulinism in a Newborn
- Single most likely diagnosis
- (a) nesidioblastosis: This is a rare condition characterized by an abnormal overgrowth of pancreatic islet cells, leading to excessive insulin production. It is a common cause of hyperinsulinism in newborns, making it the most likely diagnosis.
- Other Likely diagnoses
- (b) glycogen storage disease: Certain types of glycogen storage diseases, such as Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, can cause hyperinsulinism in newborns due to abnormal glucose metabolism.
- (c) benign insulinoma: Although rare in newborns, a benign insulinoma can cause hyperinsulinism due to autonomous insulin production.
- Do Not Miss
- (d) malignant insulinoma: Although extremely rare in newborns, a malignant insulinoma can have severe consequences if left untreated, making it essential to consider in the differential diagnosis.
- Other conditions that may not be directly related to the options but can cause hyperinsulinism, such as congenital hyperinsulinism due to genetic mutations (e.g., ABCC8, KCNJ11), beckwith-wiedemann syndrome, or pancreatic islet cell hyperplasia.
- Rare diagnoses
- Other rare genetic disorders, such as glutamate dehydrogenase deficiency or short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, can also cause hyperinsulinism in newborns.
- Insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) overproduction, which can be associated with certain genetic conditions, such as Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.