Is Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) harmless?

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Last updated: February 20, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

No, HIV is not harmless, as it can lead to severe immunodeficiency and increased risk of opportunistic infections and mortality if left untreated. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a serious and potentially life-threatening virus that attacks the immune system, and its treatment has revolutionized the management of the disease, with antiretroviral therapy (ART) reducing mortality worldwide 1. The use of ART has been shown to reduce the amount of virus in compartments relevant for transmission, such as blood, semen, and the genital tract, and can therefore reduce transmission of the virus 1.

Key Considerations

  • HIV can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) if left untreated, severely compromising the body's ability to fight off infections and diseases.
  • Modern HIV treatment typically involves a combination of antiretroviral drugs taken daily, with common regimens including Biktarvy, Triumeq, and Dovato.
  • These medications work by preventing the virus from replicating, allowing the immune system to recover and maintain its function.
  • With consistent treatment, the virus can become undetectable in the blood, significantly reducing the risk of transmission to sexual partners.

Management and Prevention

  • Regular medical check-ups, adherence to medication, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are crucial for managing HIV.
  • Individuals at risk should get tested regularly and practice safe sex to prevent transmission.
  • The use of ART has been shown to be effective in reducing mortality and improving quality of life for individuals with HIV, with over 9 million people currently receiving ART worldwide 1.

From the FDA Drug Label

Infom patients that efavirenz tablets is not a cure for HIV-1 infection and patients may continue to experience illnesses associated with HIV-1 infection, including opportunistic infections. The FDA drug label indicates that HIV-1 infection is not harmless, as patients may continue to experience illnesses associated with the infection, including opportunistic infections. Therefore, HIV is not harmless. 2

From the Research

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Overview

  • HIV is a chronic condition that can be medically managed with antiretroviral therapy (ART) 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
  • With proper treatment, people living with HIV can experience immune reconstitution and resume normal lives 4

HIV Management and Care

  • Primary care clinicians play a crucial role in providing beneficial care to individuals with HIV, including preventive care and management of comorbidities 4, 6, 7
  • Comprehensive oral health care is an integral part of comprehensive health care for individuals with HIV/AIDS 5
  • Creating a patient-centered, stigma-free care environment is essential for care engagement 6, 7

HIV Transmission and Prevention

  • ART can prevent the transmission of HIV to sexual partners or infants 6, 7
  • Clinicians must address issues specific to preventive health, including cancer screening, vaccinations, and promoting sexual health 7

Special Considerations

  • Clinicians must consider the unique needs of specific populations, including persons of childbearing potential, children, adolescents, and transgender and gender-diverse individuals 6, 7
  • Management of multiple comorbidities and polypharmacy is a challenge in providing comprehensive health care for individuals with HIV 6, 7

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Long term management of people with HIV.

Australian family physician, 2009

Research

Primary Care Guidance for Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: 2020 Update by the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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