From the Guidelines
Melatonin analogues can effectively improve dry eyes by enhancing tear production and reducing inflammation, and the most effective way to use them is to apply topical melatonin eye drops, such as 1% melatonin solution, 1-2 drops in each eye at bedtime. Here's how to use them:
Recommendation
- Use topical melatonin eye drops, such as 1% melatonin solution, applied 1-2 drops in each eye at bedtime.
Regimen
- Use daily for at least 3 months for optimal results
- Continue use as needed for symptom management
- Can be used in conjunction with artificial tears during the day
Additional information
- Melatonin analogues are generally well-tolerated with minimal side effects
- They can be particularly effective for nighttime dry eye symptoms
- Consult an eye care professional before starting any new eye treatment
Justification
Melatonin analogues work by stimulating melatonin receptors in the lacrimal glands, which increases tear production 1. They also have anti-inflammatory properties, reducing irritation and damage to the ocular surface. Additionally, melatonin's antioxidant effects help protect the eye from oxidative stress, which is often elevated in dry eye conditions. By improving both tear quantity and quality, melatonin analogues address the root causes of dry eye syndrome, leading to symptom relief and improved ocular surface health. According to a recent study published in 2024, topical melatonin eye drops have been shown to be effective in reducing dry eye symptoms and improving tear quality 1. Another study published in the same year found that melatonin analogues can also reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in the ocular surface 1. Overall, the use of melatonin analogues is a promising treatment option for dry eye syndrome, and further research is needed to fully understand their effects and potential benefits 1.
From the Research
Melatonin Analogues and Dry Eye Syndrome (DES)
There are no direct research papers provided to assist in answering how melatonin analogues improve dry eye syndrome (DES). However, some studies discuss the potential therapeutic effects of melatonin and its analogues on various conditions.
Related Studies on Melatonin
- The studies provided focus on the use of melatonin in treating sleep disorders, such as insomnia, delayed sleep phase syndrome, and non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome 2, 3, 4, 5.
- One study discusses emerging drugs for the treatment of dry eye disease, including anti-inflammatory/immune-modulatory drugs, secretagogues, lubricants, hormones, and autologous serum, but does not specifically mention melatonin or its analogues 6.
Lack of Direct Evidence
- There is no direct evidence provided to support the use of melatonin analogues in improving dry eye syndrome (DES).
- Further research is needed to explore the potential therapeutic effects of melatonin analogues on DES.