What is a Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP) machine?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: May 17, 2025View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

From the Guidelines

A BiPAP (Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure) machine is a non-invasive ventilation device that delivers pressurized air through a mask to help people breathe more effectively, providing two different pressure levels: a higher pressure when inhaling (inspiratory positive airway pressure or IPAP) and a lower pressure when exhaling (expiratory positive airway pressure or EPAP) 1.

Definition and Function

A BiPAP machine is defined as a respiratory assist device that delivers inspiratory and expiratory positive airway pressure, making breathing easier for patients with certain respiratory conditions, such as sleep apnea, COPD, congestive heart failure, and neuromuscular disorders that affect breathing 1.

Key Features

The machine connects to a mask that covers the nose, mouth, or both, and settings are customized to each patient's needs. Unlike CPAP machines that deliver constant pressure, BiPAP's varying pressure levels can be more comfortable for some patients who struggle to exhale against continuous pressure 1.

Clinical Use

BiPAP therapy helps maintain open airways, improves oxygen levels, reduces the work of breathing, and can prevent the need for more invasive ventilation in some cases. The decision to use BPAP should be based on the clinician’s judgement and needs of the individual patient, particularly for patients with higher therapeutic pressure requirements than can be provided by CPAP or APAP devices 1.

Comparison to Other Treatments

While CPAP or APAP is suggested over BPAP in the routine treatment of OSA in adults, BPAP may be used as an alternative to CPAP for patients who are intolerant of high CPAP settings, with no clinically significant differences in adherence found in meta-analyses of RCTs comparing BPAP to CPAP 1.

From the Research

Definition of BiPAP Machine

A BiPAP (Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure) machine is a type of ventilatory support that delivers two different levels of air pressure to a patient's airways [ 2 ].

Key Features of BiPAP Machine

  • It provides two different pressure levels: a higher pressure for inhalation (IPAP) and a lower pressure for exhalation (EPAP) [ 3 ]
  • It allows for spontaneous breathing at any moment of the ventilatory cycle [ 2 ]
  • It can be used to treat various respiratory conditions, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and hypoventilation disorder [ 4, 5 ]

Applications of BiPAP Machine

  • Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) [ 4 ]
  • Management of chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure in patients with obesity and obstructive airways disease [ 5 ]
  • Intraoperative use in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) [ 6 ]

Related Questions

What is the standard BiPAP (Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure) pressure support (PS) setting for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)?
What are the initial BiPAP (Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure) parameters and how are they set?
What BiPAP adjustments are needed for a patient with alkalosis, hypocapnia, hypoxemia, and oxygen saturation of 93%?
What should be avoided post-operatively in a patient with COPD and sleep apnea undergoing surgery under General Anesthesia (GA)?
What is the next step for the provider in managing a frail older adult with stage IV breast cancer, hypoxemia, tachypnea, and hypotension, currently on BiPap (bilevel positive airway pressure) and receiving a fluid bolus?
What is the treatment for Osteosclerosis (hardening of bone) of the Thoracic Aorta (main artery in the thorax)?
What is the ideal anticoagulation for a patient with Pulmonary Embolism (PE) and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)?
What is the ideal anticoagulation for a patient with Pulmonary Embolism (PE) and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) with Impaired Renal Function, as indicated by an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) level less than 30?
What is the thoracic artery?
What is the best treatment for pain in patients with Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD) and Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD)?
What is the ideal anticoagulation for a patient with Pulmonary Embolism (PE) and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) with Impaired Renal Function, as indicated by an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) level less than 30, and coagulopathy characterized by prolonged Prothrombin Time (PT) and Elevated International Normalized Ratio (INR)?

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.