Differential Diagnosis for Small Blood Vessels Rupture in the Sclera
- Single most likely diagnosis:
- Subconjunctival hemorrhage: This condition is characterized by the rupture of small blood vessels in the sclera, leading to bleeding underneath the conjunctiva. It is often caused by increased pressure, such as during coughing, sneezing, or straining, and can also be spontaneous.
- Other Likely diagnoses:
- Scleritis: This is an inflammatory disease that affects the sclera and can cause blood vessel rupture. It is often associated with other systemic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
- Episcleritis: This condition is an inflammatory disease that affects the episclera, a thin layer of tissue on top of the sclera. It can cause blood vessel rupture and is often associated with other systemic diseases.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.):
- Trauma: A rupture of small blood vessels in the sclera can be a sign of trauma to the eye, which can lead to more serious complications if not properly diagnosed and treated.
- Infections (e.g., endophthalmitis): Certain infections can cause inflammation and rupture of blood vessels in the sclera, and prompt treatment is necessary to prevent serious complications.
- Malignant hypertension: Uncontrolled high blood pressure can cause blood vessel rupture in the sclera, and it is essential to diagnose and treat this condition promptly to prevent further complications.
- Rare diagnoses:
- Amyloidosis: This is a rare condition characterized by the deposition of abnormal proteins (amyloid) in various tissues, including the sclera. It can cause blood vessel rupture and other ocular complications.
- Scleral vasculitis: This is a rare inflammatory condition that affects the blood vessels in the sclera and can cause rupture. It is often associated with other systemic diseases, such as Wegener's granulomatosis.