What is the treatment for mumps (epidemic parotitis)?

From the Guidelines

Mumps treatment primarily focuses on symptom relief as there is no specific antiviral therapy for this viral infection. The most effective way to manage symptoms is through rest, isolation, and over-the-counter pain management medications.

Recommended Treatment Approach

• Rest at home until symptoms resolve (typically 7-10 days)
• Isolation for 5 days after the onset of parotid swelling is recommended to prevent spread
• For symptom management, take acetaminophen (500-1000mg every 6 hours, not exceeding 4000mg daily) or ibuprofen (400-600mg every 6-8 hours with food) to reduce fever and pain 1
• Apply warm or cold compresses to swollen glands for comfort
• Stay hydrated with plenty of fluids and choose soft foods that don't require much chewing to minimize pain from swollen salivary glands
• Avoid acidic foods and beverages that may stimulate saliva production and worsen discomfort

Prevention and Complications

In rare cases of complications like orchitis (testicular inflammation), additional pain management and supportive care may be needed. Mumps is caused by a paramyxovirus that typically resolves with the body's immune response, which is why treatment focuses on comfort measures rather than eliminating the virus directly. Prevention through MMR vaccination remains the most effective strategy against mumps infection, as highlighted in the study by 1. The use of immunoglobulin (IG) or intravenous immunoglobulin (IGIV) for preventing mumps is not recommended, as their effectiveness is unknown 1.

From the Research

Treatment of Mumps

• The treatment of mumps is generally supportive, with an emphasis on proper isolation to prevent widespread outbreaks 2.
• There is no specific antiviral treatment for mumps, and management is focused on relieving symptoms and preventing complications.
• Supportive care may include:
  • Rest and hydration
  • Pain management for symptoms such as headache and parotitis
  • Monitoring for potential complications, such as aseptic meningitis or orchitis

Prevention and Control

• Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent transmission of mumps 2, 3.
• The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine can provide lifelong immunity if administered properly 2.
• Routine vaccination and vaccine development are still effective measures to globally reduce the incidence of mumps infections 3.
• During outbreaks, a third dose of MMR vaccine may be recommended for certain groups of people, as determined by public authorities 3.

Diagnosis and Reporting

• Diagnosis of mumps is typically clinical, but polymerase chain reaction and immunoglobulin testing are available to confirm the diagnosis 2.
• Mumps is a reportable disease in most states, and reporting regulations and procedures vary by state 2.