What infections can be caused by cat bites in humans?

From the Guidelines

Cat bites can cause several serious infections in humans, including Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus (including MRSA), Capnocytophaga canimorsus, Bartonella henselae (cat scratch disease), and anaerobic bacteria, and treatment typically involves thorough wound cleaning with soap and water, followed by antibiotics, with amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) being the first-line antibiotic, usually prescribed at 875/125 mg twice daily for 5-7 days 1.

Common Infections Caused by Cat Bites

• Pasteurella multocida: the most common infection, leading to rapid onset of pain, swelling, and redness within 24-48 hours
• Streptococcus
• Staphylococcus (including MRSA)
• Capnocytophaga canimorsus
• Bartonella henselae (cat scratch disease)
• Anaerobic bacteria

Treatment of Cat Bites

• Thorough wound cleaning with soap and water
• Antibiotics:
  • Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) at 875/125 mg twice daily for 5-7 days as the first-line antibiotic
  • Alternatives for penicillin-allergic patients: doxycycline (100 mg twice daily), clindamycin plus fluoroquinolone, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus metronidazole

Important Considerations

• Cat bites are particularly dangerous when they occur over joints, tendons, or bones, as the puncture wounds are deep but small, creating perfect environments for bacteria to multiply
• Seek immediate medical attention for any cat bite, especially those on the hands, as infections can progress rapidly and potentially lead to serious complications like cellulitis, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, or even systemic infection 1

From the Research

Infections Caused by Cat Bites in Humans

• Cat bites can lead to various infections, with the hand being the most susceptible area to infection [ 2 ].
• One of the common bacteria isolated from cat bite wounds is Pasteurella multocida, which can cause serious infections with severe complications [ 2 ].
• The risk of infection from cat bites is significant, and if not managed properly, can result in functional impairment [ 2 ].
• Common infections caused by cat bites include:
  • Pasteurella multocida infections, found in over half of all cat bite wounds [ 2 ]
  • Rabies infection, which should be addressed in bite wound management [ 2 ]
  • Tetanus infection, for which immunization status should be routinely checked [ 2 ]