What is the diagnosis for a 54-year-old man presenting with hypertransaminasemia (elevated liver enzymes) and a generalized maculopapular rash with edematous papules, pustules, and plaques on the chest, back, arms, legs, buttocks, scrotum, palms, and soles, after recent outdoor exposure in Texas?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: May 20, 2025View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

Differential Diagnosis

  • Single most likely diagnosis
    • Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness (STARI) or Lyme disease: The patient's recent exposure to a bush in Texas, a region known for ticks that can transmit these diseases, combined with the presentation of a maculopapular rash and elevated transaminases, makes this a strong consideration. The rash's description, including its presence on the palms and soles, is also consistent with these diagnoses.
  • Other Likely diagnoses
    • Contact dermatitis: Given the patient's recent work near a bush, exposure to allergens or irritants could have caused a contact dermatitis reaction, leading to the observed rash.
    • Scabies: The presence of pustules and the distribution of the rash, including the genital area, could suggest scabies, especially if the patient has had close contact with someone infected.
    • Allergic reaction: An allergic reaction to an insect bite, plant, or other environmental factor could explain the rash and elevated transaminases.
  • Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
    • Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF): Although less common, RMSF is a tick-borne illness that can present with a rash and elevated liver enzymes. It is critical to consider this diagnosis due to its high mortality rate if left untreated.
    • Ehrlichiosis/Anaplasmosis: These are tick-borne diseases that can cause fever, rash, and elevated liver enzymes. They are less common but can be severe and even life-threatening if not promptly treated.
  • Rare diagnoses
    • Leptospirosis: This bacterial infection can cause a rash, elevated liver enzymes, and is associated with outdoor activities. However, it is less common and typically requires exposure to contaminated water.
    • Southern tick-associated alpha-gal syndrome: This condition, caused by a tick bite, leads to an allergy to red meat and can present with a rash and systemic symptoms. It is rare and might not be the first consideration but should be kept in mind given the patient's exposure history.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.