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From the Research
Chemicals that Enhance Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity
- Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as 3-methylcholanthrene, benzo(a)pyrene, and 1,2,5,6-dibenzoanthracene, have been shown to increase aldehyde dehydrogenase activity 1
- Polychlorinated biphenyls (Arochlor 1254) have also been found to enhance aldehyde dehydrogenase activity 1
- 2-naphthylamine has been reported to increase aldehyde dehydrogenase activity 1
- Chlorinated compounds, such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, have been shown to induce cytosolic ALDH3A1 in rat liver cells 2
Mechanism of Enhancement
- The increase in aldehyde dehydrogenase activity is thought to be related to the induction of specific isoforms of the enzyme, such as ALDH3A1 2
- The enhanced activity may also be related to the catabolism of endogenous substrates, such as 4-hydroxynonenal, which can stimulate or inhibit gene expression involved in regulating proliferation 2
Isoforms of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
- ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3 are specific isoforms that have been implicated in the regulation of cellular function, including self-renewal, expansion, differentiation, and resistance to drugs and radiation 3
- ALDH3A1 is another isoform that has been shown to be induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated compounds, and is involved in the detoxification of aldehydes 2