Differential Diagnosis for Hematuria
Single most likely diagnosis
- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): A common cause of hematuria, especially in women, due to the shorter urethra which makes it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder.
- Kidney Stones: A frequent cause of hematuria, as the stones can cause irritation and bleeding in the urinary tract.
Other Likely diagnoses
- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH): Enlargement of the prostate gland can cause urinary retention, leading to hematuria.
- Cystitis: Inflammation of the bladder can cause bleeding, especially in the context of UTIs or other irritants.
- Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of the glomeruli, the filtering units of the kidneys, can lead to hematuria.
Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
- Bladder Cancer: Although less common, bladder cancer can present with painless hematuria and is critical to diagnose early for effective treatment.
- Kidney Cancer: Similar to bladder cancer, kidney cancer can cause hematuria and is crucial to identify promptly.
- Sickle Cell Disease: In patients with sickle cell disease, hematuria can be a sign of sickle cell nephropathy, a serious complication.
Rare diagnoses
- Alport Syndrome: A genetic disorder affecting the type IV collagen in the kidneys, leading to hematuria and progressive kidney disease.
- Goodpasture Syndrome: An autoimmune disease causing inflammation in the kidneys and lungs, which can present with hematuria.
- Vasculitis: Inflammation of the blood vessels, including those in the kidneys, can lead to hematuria and is a rare but serious condition.