From the Research
Headaches can be classified into primary and secondary types, with primary types including migraine, tension-type headache, trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, and other primary headache disorders, as noted in a 2021 study published in JAMA 1. The primary types of headaches are:
- Migraine: a debilitating headache that can cause throbbing pain, often on one side of the head, and may include nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound
- Tension-type headache: the most common type, feeling like a band tightening around the head
- Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias: a group of rare headaches characterized by intense pain on one side of the head, often accompanied by autonomic symptoms
- Other primary headache disorders: including cluster headaches, which are extremely painful and occur in cyclical patterns, and sinus headaches, which result from inflammation in the sinuses Secondary headaches are caused by underlying conditions such as head injuries, brain tumors, or infections. Other types of headaches include:
- Medication overuse headaches: occurring from frequent use of pain relievers
- Exertion headaches: triggered by physical activity
- Hormonal headaches: related to menstrual cycles or hormonal changes Treatment depends on the type and severity of the headache, ranging from over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen to prescription medications such as triptans for migraines, as recommended in a 2018 study published in American Family Physician 2. Lifestyle modifications, including stress management, regular sleep, proper hydration, and avoiding triggers, can help prevent headaches, as suggested in a 2019 study published in The Medical Clinics of North America 3. If headaches are severe, persistent, or accompanied by concerning symptoms like fever or neurological changes, medical attention should be sought promptly, as advised in a 2017 study published in Acta Neurologica Taiwanica 4.