Differential Diagnosis for Testicular Pain in a 12-Year-Old Boy
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Testicular torsion: This is the most likely diagnosis due to the sudden onset of testicular pain, which is a classic symptom of testicular torsion. It is a medical emergency that requires prompt attention.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Epididymitis: This is an inflammation of the epididymis, which can cause testicular pain. It is often associated with urinary tract infections or sexually transmitted infections.
- Orchitis: This is an inflammation of the testicles, which can cause pain and swelling. It is often caused by viral or bacterial infections.
- Trauma: Testicular trauma can cause sudden onset of pain and is a possible diagnosis in a 12-year-old boy.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Testicular torsion (repeated): Although already mentioned, it's crucial to reiterate the importance of not missing this diagnosis due to its potential for severe and permanent damage if not treated promptly.
- Appendicitis (with referred pain): Although less common, appendicitis can cause referred pain to the testicles, and missing this diagnosis can lead to severe consequences.
- Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP): This is a rare condition that can cause testicular pain, and although unlikely, it's essential to consider due to its potential for severe complications.
Rare Diagnoses
- Testicular cancer: Although rare in children, testicular cancer can cause testicular pain and should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
- Varicocele: This is an enlargement of the veins in the scrotum, which can cause testicular pain and is more common in older children and adults.
- Spermatic cord torsion: This is a rare condition where the spermatic cord becomes twisted, cutting off blood supply to the testicle, and can cause severe pain.