From the Research
Having positive TPO antibodies with normal TSH levels suggests the presence of autoimmune thyroid disease, specifically Hashimoto's thyroiditis, in its early stages, and according to the most recent study 1, no immediate treatment is necessary if your thyroid function (TSH) is normal, but regular monitoring is recommended with thyroid function tests every 6-12 months. This is because about 2-4% of people with positive TPO antibodies develop hypothyroidism each year 2. You should be aware of symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, dry skin, or depression, which could indicate progression to hypothyroidism. If these symptoms develop, consult your healthcare provider promptly. The presence of TPO antibodies indicates your immune system is producing antibodies against thyroid peroxidase, an enzyme in the thyroid gland, which can gradually damage the thyroid and potentially lead to hypothyroidism over time. Some providers may recommend selenium supplementation (200 mcg daily) as it might reduce antibody levels, though evidence for this is mixed, with a recent study 3 showing potential benefits, but another study 4 indicating that TPO-Ab levels decline in most patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis who are taking levothyroxine, but after a mean of 50 months, TPO-Ab became negative in only a minority of patients. Maintaining overall health through balanced nutrition and stress management may also be beneficial. Key points to consider include:
- Regular monitoring of thyroid function tests every 6-12 months
- Awareness of symptoms that may indicate progression to hypothyroidism
- Potential benefits of selenium supplementation, but with mixed evidence
- Importance of maintaining overall health through balanced nutrition and stress management
- The clinical importance of detectable TPO-Ab levels, potentially as a marker for low-grade inflammation, as suggested by the Rotterdam Study 1.