From the Research
The new name for pseudo dementia is "cognitive impairment due to depression" or "depression-related cognitive dysfunction". This term more accurately reflects the condition where depressive symptoms mimic dementia, causing problems with memory, concentration, and thinking speed that can be mistaken for true neurodegenerative disorders 1. Unlike true dementia, these cognitive symptoms typically improve when the underlying depression is treated effectively.
Key Characteristics
- The condition is characterized by deficits in memory, executive function, and speech, which can easily be confused with dementia 1.
- It is more commonly observed in older adults, particularly those over the age of 50 or 60 years, and its risk factors overlap with those for depression 1.
- Diagnosing pseudo dementia can be difficult due to significant overlap between its symptoms and those of other conditions, but correct identification is essential for proper treatment 1.
Treatment
- Treatment usually involves antidepressant medications such as SSRIs (like sertraline 50-200mg daily or escitalopram 10-20mg daily) combined with psychotherapy, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy 2.
- The condition occurs because depression affects brain areas involved in memory and executive function, particularly the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, through mechanisms involving stress hormones and inflammatory processes.
Importance of Proper Diagnosis
- Proper diagnosis leads to appropriate treatment that can substantially improve or resolve cognitive symptoms, unlike in true dementia where cognitive decline is typically progressive and irreversible 1.
- The understanding of pseudo dementia is crucial for preventing misdiagnosis and ensuring that patients receive the correct treatment for their condition 3.