From the Research
Orf is a viral skin infection caused by the orf virus, which primarily affects sheep and goats but can be transmitted to humans through direct contact with infected animals or contaminated materials, and treatment for orf in humans is generally supportive as the infection typically resolves on its own within 4-8 weeks. The infection is characterized by one or multiple nodules on the hands and fingers, but also on the feet, legs, neck, and face, and after an incubation period of 3-7 days, the lesions evolve through six clinical stages 1. To manage the infection, keep the lesion clean and dry, using mild soap and water for cleaning, followed by application of petroleum jelly to prevent the lesion from drying and cracking. Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help manage discomfort, and avoid bandaging the lesion unless necessary to prevent secondary bacterial infection. If the lesion becomes unusually painful, spreads rapidly, or shows signs of bacterial infection (increased redness, warmth, pus), seek medical attention as antibiotics may be needed 2. People with weakened immune systems should consult a healthcare provider promptly if they develop orf, as they may require more aggressive treatment, such as antiviral or immune modifier therapy, or minor surgical excisions 3. Prevention measures, such as wearing nonporous gloves, washing after handling, and isolation of infected animals, are effective in reducing the risk of transmission 1. A recent study found that a local anaesthetic and antiseptic wound formulation was effective in treating lambs naturally infected with Orf virus, suggesting a potential treatment option for humans as well 4. However, more research is needed to confirm the efficacy of this treatment in humans. In general, the prognosis for orf is good, with most cases resolving on their own within 6-8 weeks, but prompt medical attention is necessary for individuals with weakened immune systems or severe symptoms 5.
Some key points to consider when dealing with orf include:
- The importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications and reduce the risk of transmission
- The need for supportive care, such as keeping the lesion clean and dry, and managing discomfort with over-the-counter pain relievers
- The potential for antiviral or immune modifier therapy, or minor surgical excisions, in individuals with weakened immune systems or severe symptoms
- The effectiveness of prevention measures, such as wearing nonporous gloves and washing after handling, in reducing the risk of transmission.
Overall, orf is a viral skin infection that can be managed with supportive care and prevention measures, but prompt medical attention is necessary for individuals with weakened immune systems or severe symptoms.