From the Guidelines
The most prevalent genera in the intestinal microbiome of children by 2 years of age typically include Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, and Clostridium. By this age, the gut microbiome has undergone significant maturation and begins to resemble an adult-like composition, as noted in studies on the development of the gut microbiota 1. Bacteroides species often dominate, playing important roles in carbohydrate metabolism and immune system development. Bifidobacterium, which is highly abundant in infancy, remains significant but decreases proportionally as the child ages. Faecalibacterium, particularly F. prausnitzii, becomes more prevalent and is associated with anti-inflammatory properties through butyrate production.
The establishment of these key bacterial genera is influenced by factors including delivery mode, feeding practices (breast milk versus formula), introduction of solid foods, antibiotic exposure, and environmental conditions, as discussed in the context of iron supplementation and its effects on the gut microbiome 1. This microbial community helps with nutrient absorption, vitamin synthesis, immune system education, and protection against pathogens, making it crucial for healthy development. Recent studies have also highlighted the importance of considering the impact of probiotics on the gut microbiome in premature infants, with certain strains showing promise in improving microbial community dynamics 1. However, the most recent and highest quality evidence suggests that by 2 years of age, the gut microbiome is characterized by the dominance of Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, and Clostridium, with these genera playing critical roles in maintaining a healthy gut and overall well-being 1.
Some key points to consider include:
- The development of the gut microbiota is a highly synchronized process that depends on various factors, including delivery mode, feeding practices, and environmental conditions 1.
- The use of probiotics in premature infants has shown promise in improving microbial community dynamics, but more research is needed to fully understand their effects 1.
- The gut microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining a healthy gut and overall well-being, with dysbiosis linked to various pediatric diseases 1.
- The most prevalent genera in the intestinal microbiome of children by 2 years of age are Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, and Clostridium, which are influenced by various factors, including delivery mode, feeding practices, and antibiotic exposure 1.
From the Research
Intestinal Microbiome in Children
The intestinal microbiome in children is a complex and dynamic system that plays a crucial role in their health and development. By the age of 2, the intestinal microbiome is still evolving and is influenced by various factors such as diet and environment.
Prevalent Genera in the Intestinal Microbiome
Some of the most prevalent genera in the intestinal microbiome of children by 2 years of age include:
- Bifidobacterium, which is one of the most abundant and investigated microbial taxa in the human infant gut 2
- Bacteroides, which is also a dominant genus in the intestinal microbiome of children 3
- Blautia, which is another prevalent genus in the intestinal microbiome of children 3
- Lachnospira, which has been linked to the consumption of total fruit and fiber 4
Factors Influencing the Intestinal Microbiome
The composition of the intestinal microbiome in children is influenced by various factors, including:
- Diet, with certain food groups and nutrients associated with specific bacterial taxa 4
- Age, with the microbiome diversity and composition changing over time 4
- Environment, with the gut microbiome being constantly changing from birth throughout adulthood 5
Importance of the Intestinal Microbiome
The intestinal microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining health and preventing disease in children, with dysbiosis being associated with various diseases such as autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, asthma, and allergies 5. Understanding the composition and function of the intestinal microbiome in children is essential for the development of strategies to promote healthy growth and development.