Does alcohol (ethanol) consumption affect the risk of developing asthma?

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Last updated: May 21, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

Alcohol intake has no direct correlation with asthma risk according to the provided evidence. When considering the relationship between alcohol intake and asthma risk, it's essential to examine the available evidence. The study 1 discusses various environmental considerations that can trigger cough and asthma symptoms, including exposures to allergens, respiratory irritant agents, and indoor biomass. However, it does not mention alcohol intake as a factor affecting asthma risk. Some key points to consider in the context of asthma and environmental factors include:

  • Exposures to allergens such as dust mite, animal or cockroach allergens, fungi, and pollen can trigger upper or lower respiratory causes of cough and asthma
  • Exposure to tobacco smoke and indoor biomass can increase the risk and severity of asthma
  • Outdoor air pollutants such as ozone, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter can cause cough and increase airway inflammation, triggering asthma symptoms. Given the lack of direct evidence linking alcohol intake to asthma risk in the provided study 1, it's crucial to focus on established risk factors and triggers for asthma when developing strategies for management and prevention.

From the Research

Alcohol Intake and Asthma Risk

  • The relationship between alcohol intake and asthma risk has been studied, with mixed results 2, 3, 4.
  • Some studies suggest that alcohol may have a beneficial effect on asthma, while others report worsening of symptoms 2.
  • A study found that the risk of new-onset asthma was significantly related to overall alcohol intake in a U-shaped manner, with the lowest risk observed in the group with a moderate weekly intake of alcohol (1-6 units/week) 3.
  • The same study found that the highest risk of asthma was observed in rare/never drinkers (<1 unit/month), and the risk of asthma in heavy daily drinkers (≥4 units/day) was also increased, although not statistically significant 3.

Types of Alcoholic Drinks and Asthma Risk

  • Wines were found to be the most frequent triggers for asthmatic reactions, with responses being rapid in onset (<1 hour) and of mild to moderate severity 4.
  • Sensitivity to the sulfite additives in wines seems likely to play an important role in many of these reactions, and sensitivities of individuals to salicylates present in wines may also play a role 4.
  • A study found that wine preference was inversely related to incident asthma compared with beer preference, although this finding was not statistically significant 3.

Asthma Treatment and Alcohol Intake

  • Emergency physicians should counsel asthmatic patients to avoid alcoholic beverages because they may cause an exacerbation of asthma 2.
  • There is no direct evidence to suggest that alcohol intake affects the treatment of asthma, although some studies have investigated the effectiveness of different asthma treatments, such as inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-agonists 5, 6.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

The role of alcohol in asthma: a review of clinical and experimental studies.

The American journal of emergency medicine, 2001

Research

Intake of alcohol and risk of adult-onset asthma.

Respiratory medicine, 2012

Research

Alcoholic drinks: important triggers for asthma.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2000

Research

Inhaled salmeterol and fluticasone: a study comparing monotherapy and combination therapy in asthma.

Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology, 1999

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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