Nausea Differential Diagnosis
The differential diagnosis for nausea is extensive and can be categorized into several groups. Here's a breakdown of the possible causes:
Single most likely diagnosis:
- Gastroenteritis: This is often the most common cause of nausea, especially if it's accompanied by vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal cramps. The justification for this diagnosis is the high prevalence of viral or bacterial infections that affect the stomach and intestines.
Other Likely diagnoses:
- Food poisoning: Consuming contaminated or spoiled food can lead to nausea, vomiting, and other gastrointestinal symptoms.
- Motion sickness: This is a common cause of nausea, especially in individuals who are prone to it, such as during travel by car, boat, or plane.
- Pregnancy: Morning sickness is a classic symptom of early pregnancy, often presenting with nausea and vomiting.
- Medication side effects: Many medications, including antibiotics, pain relievers, and chemotherapy, can cause nausea as a side effect.
- Anxiety or stress: Emotional distress can manifest physically, leading to nausea and other gastrointestinal symptoms.
Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.):
- Appendicitis: Although less common, appendicitis can present with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, and requires prompt surgical attention to prevent rupture and peritonitis.
- Myocardial infarction: In some cases, a heart attack can cause nausea, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort, especially in women or individuals with diabetes.
- Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas can cause severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, and requires immediate medical attention.
- Intestinal obstruction: A blockage in the intestines can lead to severe nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, and requires prompt surgical intervention.
Rare diagnoses:
- Migraine: Some individuals may experience nausea and vomiting as part of a migraine episode.
- Inner ear disorders: Conditions such as labyrinthitis or vestibular neuritis can cause nausea, vertigo, and balance problems.
- Brain tumors: In rare cases, brain tumors can cause nausea, vomiting, and other neurological symptoms.
- Endocrine disorders: Certain conditions, such as adrenal insufficiency or thyroid disorders, can cause nausea and other systemic symptoms.