Abdominal Pain Differential Diagnosis
The differential diagnosis for abdominal pain is extensive and can be categorized into several groups. Here's a breakdown of the possible causes:
- Single Most Likely Diagnosis + Gastroenteritis: This is often the most common cause of abdominal pain, especially if the pain is accompanied by symptoms like diarrhea, vomiting, and fever. The justification for this diagnosis is the high prevalence of gastrointestinal infections in the general population.
- Other Likely Diagnoses + Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): A common condition characterized by chronic abdominal pain, bloating, and alteration of bowel habits. The justification for including IBS in this category is its high prevalence among patients with chronic abdominal pain. + Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and fatigue. The justification for this diagnosis is the presence of chronic inflammation and potential complications if left untreated. + Peptic Ulcer Disease: Ulcers in the stomach or duodenum can cause abdominal pain, especially in the upper abdomen. The justification for this diagnosis is the common use of NSAIDs and the high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection.
- Do Not Miss Diagnoses + Appendicitis: Although not the most common cause, appendicitis is a surgical emergency that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. The justification for including appendicitis in this category is the potential for severe complications, such as perforation and peritonitis, if missed. + Ectopic Pregnancy: A life-threatening condition that occurs when a pregnancy develops outside the uterus. The justification for this diagnosis is the potential for severe bleeding and the importance of early detection. + Mesenteric Ischemia: A condition characterized by inadequate blood flow to the intestines, which can lead to tissue death and perforation. The justification for including mesenteric ischemia in this category is the high mortality rate if left untreated.
- Rare Diagnoses + Intussusception: A condition where a part of the intestine telescopes into another part, causing bowel obstruction and potentially life-threatening complications. The justification for including intussusception in this category is its low prevalence but high potential for severe complications if missed. + Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A condition characterized by the dilation of the abdominal aorta, which can rupture and cause severe bleeding. The justification for this diagnosis is the high mortality rate associated with rupture. + Porphyria: A group of rare genetic disorders that can cause abdominal pain, neurological symptoms, and psychiatric disturbances. The justification for including porphyria in this category is its low prevalence but potential for severe complications if left untreated.